英国浪漫派诗歌动物书写的互文性和现代性——以休斯的“鹰”和劳伦斯的“鹰”为例

Intertextuality and Modernity in the Animal Writing of British Romantic Poetry——A Case Study of Ted Hughes' “Hawk” and D. H. Lawrence's “Eagle”

泰德·休斯和戴·赫·劳伦斯同是英国浪漫派诗歌动物书写传统的继承人。作为劳伦斯的后辈诗人,休斯不仅续写和重构了劳伦斯所书写过的一些动物,而且与劳伦斯一道携手推进了英国浪漫派诗歌的动物书写传统。这种书写可从休斯的"鹰"文本《雨中的鹰》和《栖息的鹰》与劳伦斯的"鹰"文本《新墨西哥之鹰》和《美国之鹰》的文本对话和文化对话中反映出来。透过它们之间的对话可看出,休斯的"鹰"文本与劳伦斯的"鹰"文本在浪漫主义、人类中心主义和殖民主义层面上具有互文性。在休斯和劳伦斯的合力推动下,英国浪漫派诗歌的动物书写传统已呈现出现代性转向的趋势。

Both Ted Hughes and D. H. Lawrence are the inheritors of the great tradition of animal writing in British romantic poetry. As a younger generation of D. H. Lawrence, Ted Hughes not only adapts and reconstructs some of the animals written by Lawrence but also joins hands with him to advance the great tradition of animal writing in British romantic poetry. This writing can be illustrated in the textual and cultural dialogue between Hughes’“hawk” texts such as The Hawk in the Rain and Hawk Roosting and Lawrence’s “eagle” texts such as Eagle in New Mexico and The American Eagle. It can be found through this dialogue that there exists intertextuality in terms of romanticism, anthropocentrism and colonialism between Hughes’“hawk” texts and Lawrence’s “eagle” texts. Ted Hughes and D. H. Lawrence’s joint efforts contribute to a modernity turn to the great tradition of animal writing in British romantic poetry.