基于城市群的流域生态补偿机制研究——以长江流域为例

Study on the ecological compensation mechanism of a watershed based on an urban agglomeration by using the Yangtze River basin as an example

跨较大空间范围流域内的城市群因地理区位、自然资源禀赋和社会经济结构等要素相似而使城市群内流域生态补偿机制的设计具有相似性,但不同城市群的流域生态补偿机制设计却因上述要素的不同而存在较大差异。而且,仅研究单个城市生态系统及其协作管理不能从根本上解决区域(包括城市群中流域、流域中城市群)生态环境问题。从城市群视角出发,研究区域协调发展能够提高城市间合作程度和政策制定的协调度,并为流域生态环境治理和生态系统服务供求平衡研究提供了一条新思路。以长江流域为例,研究典型城市群的流域生态补偿机制,对比不同城市群与城市群之间生态补偿机制设计的异同,形成基于城市群的长江流域生态补偿机制设计创新。为创新基于城市群的流域生态补偿长效机制和协调流域城市群生态环境保护体制提供政策建议。

The design of ecological compensation mechanisms in urban agglomerations of watersheds that span a large spatial range are similar. They are based on factors including similar geographical locations,nature resource endowments,and social economic structures. However, the design of ecological compensation mechanisms among different urban agglomerations is quite different based on the factors above. Moreover,the study of individual urban ecosystems and their collaborative management cannot fundamentally solve regional( including river basins in an urban agglomeration and urban agglomerations in a river basin),ecological,or environmental problems. From the perspective of urban agglomeration,the study of regional coordinated development can improve the degree of cooperation among cities and coordination of policy formulation. It can also provide new ideas for the study of river basin ecological/environmental governance and the balance of supply and demand for ecosystem services. Taking the Yangtze River basin as an example,we studied the ecological compensation mechanism of typical urban agglomerations,compared the differences and similarities in the design of ecological compensation mechanisms between different urban agglomerations,and formed the design innovation for the ecological compensation mechanism of the Yangtze River basin. Finally,we provide policy suggestions for innovating the long-term mechanism of ecological compensation based on urban agglomeration and coordinating the system of ecological and environmental protection for urban agglomerations.