能值生态足迹模型的改进——以海南为例

Improvement of the emergy ecological footprint model: A case study of Hainan Province

通过对比总结现有能值生态足迹模型研究成果,从能值密度、能值生态承载力、能值生态指标分类和整合等方面分析了模型存在的问题,在此基础上,构建了消费端和供给端构建足迹账户体系,并提出能值生态足迹和能值生态承载力模型的改进和优化。利用改进模型,实证分析了2000—2016年海南生态经济系统的变化特征。结果表明:(1)能源账户和生物产品账户足迹大幅增加。污染账户和建设用地账户足迹状态稳定。(2)生产承载力随着技术进步不断提高,而环境承载力随着人类对环境资源的占用强度增加不断下降。(3)海南生态环境整体表现为生态盈余,但污染账户、能源账户盈余缩减,2011年能源账户开始出现生态赤字。通过足迹账户的构建,能够更清晰地追踪各账户和各类土地能值生态足迹、能值生态承载力以及能值生态盈余/赤字产生的变化,能值生态足迹模型改进之后能够更客观反映区域生态经济系统状况,为地区有针对性开展环境管理和保护提供依据。

In this study we analyzed the existing problems of previous emergy ecological footprint model in terms of emergy density,ecological carrying capacity,ecological index classification,and integration by comparing with the existing emergy ecological footprint models,and summarized the results. Then,we established a system for estimating ecological footprint taking into consideration the consumer’s perspective and supply scenario,and developed a more effective solution to improve the emergy ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity model. Based on the improved model, the change characteristics of Hainan’ s ecological economic system from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed empirically. The results showed that:( 1) the footprint of energy and biological products have increased dramatically,whereas pollution and construction land footprint remain stable;( 2) production carrying capacity has increased owing to technological improvement,and the environmental carrying capacity has decreased owing to increased human occupation intensity and environmental resource utilization;( 3) the overall ecological environment of Hainan shows ecological surplus,but pollution and energy surplus hasdecreased,and energy began to appear as an ecological deficit in 2011. Through the construction of footprint accounts,it is possible to track changes of the emergy ecological footprint,ecological carrying capacity,and ecological surplus/deficit of various accounts and various land types more clearly. An enhanced emergy ecological footprint model could reflect the regional ecological economic system more objectively and provide the basis for development of regional environmental management and protection.