论诗疗诗及诗歌疗法的价值

On the Values of Therapeutic Poetry and Poetic Therapy

启蒙功能、审美功能和治疗功能是诗的三大功能,由于诗是"快感"艺术和"想象"艺术,诗的治疗功能在普通人的写作与阅读中格外重要。在内容与形式上都具有较好治疗功能的诗,被称为诗疗诗;用诗歌对人进行心理治疗的方法称为诗歌疗法。诗歌疗法主要是借用读书疗法与书写疗法的原理及方法,通过诗歌欣赏和诗歌创作,治疗精神性疾病,特别是在突发事件中进行有效的心理危机干预。余光中的"乡愁诗"写作与海子的"绝命诗"写作有异曲同工之处,都是为了心理治疗而写作,写出的也是诗疗诗。小诗诗体证明新诗诗体有治疗功能,中老年男人的小诗写作,在某种意义上是为了解决人类三大问题中的"性类"问题。

Enlightenment, aesthetic appreciation and therapeutic value are three major functions of poetry. Being the origin of pleasure and imagination, the poetic plays a very important role in one,s reading and writing activities, especially for those in mental treatment. Those poetry with properly therapeutic functions both in form and content can be generally categorized as therapeutic poetry, and the treatment through which a person's mental disorder is effectively healed by poetic writing and appreciation can be likewise named as poetic therapy, which finds its special effectiveness in real-life psychological intervention, especially in cases of emergency. Poems of nostalgia written by Yu Guangzhong and the "swan songs" before Haizi's suicidal attempts can be attributed into this poetic genre, for their similar functions of mental healing. The genre of Micro-poem is illustrative of the therapeutic function of Chinese New Poetry. For elderly and middle-aged men, endeavours on Micro-poem can be considered, in one way or another, as their poetic attempts to resolve one of the three everlasting problems of humanity: sexuality.