19世纪以来广州方言有标记被动句的发展

Development of the Marked Passive Sentence in Cantonese Since the 19^(th) Century

广州方言有标记被动句中引进施事的介词,19世纪主要用"被"。在语言发展普遍规律的推动下,给予、使役义的"俾"发展出表示被动的意义,并渐渐取代"被"而发展成为广州方言中唯一的被动标记。表达格式方面的发展变化主要体现在两个方面:一是被动标记后施动者不出现的用法消失了;二是自20世纪初期开始,出现了形式上无主语、受事成分位于VP结构之后的用法。早期广州方言"被"字句是古代汉语在广州方言区内的留存,"俾"取代"被"的过程和结果是广州方言系统自身发展演变的表现。

In the 19th Century, 被 was the passive marker in Cantonese. With the development of 俾, gradually, 被 was substituted by 俾, which is growing to be the only passive marker in Cantonese. The development of sentence structure can be concluded as following: I. the disappearance of the agent;II. The emergence of structure"俾/被+N施+VP+N受".The 被 sentence in early Cantonese was the remain of ancient Chinese.