温度对优雅岐脉跳小蜂出蜂率及性比的影响

Effect of temperature on emergence rate and sex ratio of Diversinervus elegans Silvestri

为探明温度与优雅岐脉跳小蜂出蜂率、性比间的关系,明确繁殖时利于提高该蜂出蜂率、雌性比的温度,在18℃、21℃、24℃、27℃、30℃、33℃条件下,以橡胶盔蚧为寄主,测定了不同温度下优雅岐脉跳小蜂的出蜂率及性比。结果表明:18℃-33℃,随着温度的升高,优雅岐脉跳小蜂出蜂天数由14 d增加到22 d再降到0 d,21℃时出蜂天数最长;温度与出蜂天数呈线性关系。日出蜂率随温度升高呈现出先增加至峰值后减少的钟形曲线,24℃的日出蜂率最高为48.44%,33℃的最低为0;单雌出蜂量也表现为先增加后减少的趋势,由11.02头增加到峰值59.15头,然后减少到0,21℃时出现最大值。该蜂子代具偏雌性,18℃-30℃,雌性比随着温度的升高逐渐降低,由74.24%降至53.33%。33℃恒温条件下不会羽化出蜂。综合这两项指标,21℃-24℃是繁殖该蜂的适宜温度范围。

In order to explore the relationship between temperature and emergence rate, sex ratio of Diversinervus elegans and find out the suitable temperature of higher emergence rate and female ratio of propagating the wasp, an experiment was carried out. Using Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) as hosts, the emergence rate and sex ratio of D. elegans respectively at 18℃、21℃、24℃、27℃、30℃ and 33℃ were tested. The results were obtained as follows: emergence days increased from 14 days to 22 days then decreased to 0 as the temperature rised from 18℃ to 33℃, the longest days appeared at 21℃. There was a linear relationship between temperature and emergence days. Daily emergence rate rose to a peak and falled in a bell shaped curve as the temperature rises with the highest value 48.44% at 24℃ and with the lowest value 0 at 33℃. The emergence quantity of each female had the same trend as the temperature rose: From 11.02 up to 59.15, then down to 0, the maximum value appeared at 21℃. D. elegans had female-biased sex ratio and the female ratio reduced gradually with the increase of temperature, with the value 74.24% to 53.33% from 18℃ to 30℃. D. elegans could not emerge at 33℃ constant temperature. Considering the above two indexes, the suitable temperature range of propagating the wasp was 21℃-24℃.