鸽蛋壳的物理性状检测及超微结构观察与分析

The Analysis of Pigeon Egg Shell by Physical Properties Detection and Ultrastructure Observation

本研究旨在通过对白羽王鸽蛋壳的物理性状检测和超微结构观察,探究鸽蛋壳与其它禽类蛋壳的质量差异。结果显示:鸽蛋壳厚度为0.23mm,蛋壳强度为1.19kg·cm^(-2);扫描电镜观察发现鸽蛋壳乳突层乳突稀疏,形状不规则且直径较大,栅栏层断面凹凸不平,晶体层晶体排列松散,晶格棱角模糊;乳突层、栅栏层和晶体层百分比分别为19.42%、57.60%、22.98%。上述结果与其他家禽数据比较:鸽蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度明显小于鸡、鸭和鹅;鸽蛋壳乳突层百分比最低,晶体层百分比最高,栅栏层百分比介于鸡鸭和鹅之间;鸽、鸡和鸭乳突层百分比都在20%左右,三个禽种差异不大,但鹅偏高;栅栏层百分比鸽蛋只有60%,而鸭蛋达到76.8%;差异最明显的还是表现在晶体层百分比,鸽蛋远远大于鸡蛋和鸭蛋。观察结果提示,鸽蛋壳薄,乳突层厚度低,超微结构松散不规则是造成蛋壳品质差的主要原因。

According to the analysis of White King pigeon egg shell by physical properties detection and ultrastructure observation, the reasons for the eggshell differences between pigeon and other poultries were explored. The results showed that the average eggshell thickness of pigeons was 0.23 mm, the eggshell strength was 1.19 kg·cm^-2;the mastoids were sparse with irregular shape and large diameter of mastoids layer, the section of palisade layer was uneven, and the lattice edges of crystalline layer were blurred;the percentage of mastoid layer, palisade layer and crystalline layer respectively were 19.42%, 57.60%and 22.98%. The comparison of eggshell between pigeon and other poultries such as chicken, duck and goose showed that the thickness and strength of pigeon eggshell were obviously lower than other poultries;the percentage of mastoid layer of pigeon eggshell was the lowest and the percentage of crystalline layer was the highest, the percentage of palisade layer was between chickens,ducks and geese;the percentage of mastoid layer of pigeon, chicken and duck eggshell were all around 20%, that of goose was on the high side;the percentage of palisade layer of pigeon eggshell was only 60%, while that of duck reached 76.8%;the percentage of crystalline layer was the most significantly different, which of pigeon eggshell was much higher than chicken and duck. In conclusion, the main reasons for the poor quality of pigeon eggshells were the thin eggshells, the low thickness of mastoid layer and the irregular ultrastructure.