家庭农场土地流转集中的困境与对策

Problem and Countermeasure of Land Moderate Scale Concentration of Family Farm Through Land Transference

现阶段实现家庭农场土地适度规模集中的主要途径是土地流转,但是通过土地流转集中起来的规模化土地对家庭农场生存和发展的适宜度还有待考量。该适宜度可采用片数和质量、速度和持续时间、用地成本、权利清晰度、规模大小等关键性指标来衡量。基于以上指标,在家庭农场前期介入、集中土地阶段,会遭遇到集中连片土地难、农户不愿意转出土地而形成的"钉子户"、农户选择性流转土地、土地流转期限短等问题;在家庭农场正常运营阶段,会遭遇到农户单方面提高土地流转价格、农户选择中途违约或期限届满不续约、农地权利不清晰所造成的家庭农场土地被征收时补偿分配混乱等问题;在家庭农场退出、破产而放弃土地规模化经营阶段,会遭遇到家庭农场经营者违约退地、家庭农场规模化土地的再转让、家庭农场资产清算与债务清偿等问题。破解家庭农场各阶段在土地集中上遇到的瓶颈和障碍,应从明晰农地产权、创新农地权利流转模式、构建家庭农场经营者与农户之间的利益共同体等几方面着手,以达到降低家庭农场土地集中交易成本、用地成本,缩短交易时间以及提高农户流转农地权利期限等综合效果。

At the current stage, the main way to achieve the concentration of land of family farms is through land transference, but the satisfaction of the scale of land that is concentrated by land transference to the development of family farms needs to be measured. Specifically, the quantity and quality, speed and duration, cost of land, right clarity, size and other key indicators to measure, Based on the key indicators for the evaluation of the concentration effects of family farms,in the early stage of family farms to concentrate land, family farmers will encounter problems such as the difficulty of land concentration, the “nail house” formed by farmers who are unwilling to transfer out the land, the selective land transference of farmers, and short duration of land transference;at the normal operation stage after land concentration, the family farmers will encounter problems such as (1) farmers unilaterally increase land transfer prices;(2)“nail house” appear on large-scale land, because farmers choose to default in the middle of the contract or expire the term without renewing the contract;(3) distribution confusion of land acquisition compensation income caused by unclear farmland rights. when the family farm exits or goes bankrupt and gives up large-scale operation of the land, it will encounter problems such as (1) returning the land ti farmers against the contract;(2) re-transference of large-scale land;(3) asset liquidation and debt settlement. In order to solve the bottlenecks and obstacles encountered in various stages of family farms, achieve a comprehensive effect of reducing transaction costs, difficulty and time of land concentration of family farms, the cost of land use, and increasing the length of land transference, this paper puts forward some targeted countermeasures and suggestions from “rural land system reform, clarify farmland property rights”,“innovative farmland rights transfer mode”,“build a community of interests between family farm operators and farmers”.