农地经营规模与粮食生产成本效率的关系研究——基于江苏稻谷种植的实证分析

Research on the Relationship Between Farmland Scale and Food Production Cost Efficiency——An Empirical Analysis Based on Rice Cultivation in Jiangsu Province

【目的】探究农地经营规模与粮食生产成本效率的关系。【方法】利用2012—2016年江苏省物价局调研的微观农户数据,采用随机前沿成本函数测算了稻谷生产的成本效率,并探讨了农地经营规模与成本效率之间的关系,在此基础上探究了成本效率的提升途径。【结果】江苏省农户稻谷生产的成本效率均值为0.904,随着农地经营规模增大,稻谷的成本效率呈现出"倒U型"趋势;稻谷生产成本效率的最高点在3.64 hm^2处,当农地经营规模达到最优点后,继续增大经营规模,稻谷生产成本效率会出现"断崖式"下降;农地经营规模、农业决策者特征、生产要素投入、农业雇工比重等指标对稻谷生产成本效率均有显著影响。【结论】农地经营规模与成本效率之间不是简单的线性关系,而是先递增再递减的"倒U型"关系。最后,从农田基础设施建设、机械化生产以及专业化生产等方面提出相关的建议以提升稻谷生产成本效率。

【Objective】To explore the relationship between farmland management scale and food production cost efficiency.【Method】Based on the micro-farm household data surveyed by Jiangsu Provincial Price Bureau from 2012 to 2016, this paper use the stochastic frontier cost function to measure the cost efficiency of rice production, then explored the relationship between farmland management scale and cost efficiency. On this basis, explore the way to improve cost efficiency.【Result】The average cost efficiency of rice production in Jiangsu Province is 0.904, and with agricultural land scale increase, the rice cost efficiency shows an “inverted U-shaped” trend. The highest cost efficiency of rice production is at 3.64hm2, when the agricultural land scale reaches the most advantageous scale, the agricultural land scale will continue to increase and the rice cost efficiency will decline rapidly.The scale of agricultural land management, characteristics of agricultural decision makers, input of production factors, and proportion of agricultural employment selected in this paper have significant effects on rice production cost efficiency.【Conclusion】There is no simple linear relationship between the farmland management scale and cost efficiency, but the “inverted U-shaped” relationship of increasing and then decreasing. Finally, from the aspects of farmland infrastructure construction, mechanized production and specialized production to put forward relevant suggestions to improve the cost efficiency of rice production.