我国高性能计算科技政策分析——与美国NSCI计划对比

Science and Technology Policy Analysis of High Performance Computing in China——By Comparison with NSCI in U.S.

高性能计算技术作为国家战略需求,正日益受到各国的高度重视。美国基于对计算科学发展趋势及新一轮信息技术(IT)革命到来的认识,于2015年颁布了著名的"国家战略计算计划"(NSCI),指明了在未来一段内时间围绕高性能计算技术与产业发展的战略目标、任务、方向及发展路径,同时构建了组织架构、明确了各方面的责任分工,可谓是一份完整的国家战略计划。我国通过《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006—2020年)》、"九五"至"十三五"国家科技发展及科技创新规划、国家高技术研究发展计划("863"计划)、国家重点基础研究发展计划("973"计划)、国家自然科学基金重大研究计划、《国家创新驱动发展战略纲要》、国家"科技创新2030—重大项目"等一系列重大战略规划与政策,有力地支持了高性能计算技术与产业的发展,在国际上取得了骄人的业绩。但相较于美国NSCI计划的前瞻性、科学性及系统性,我们在决策定位、政策配套、政策与现实对接等方面还需要做大量深入、系统、现实的工作。否则,我们将难以走出"追赶—落后—再追赶"的怪圈。

High performance computing (HPC) technology, as a national strategic demand, has gradually aroused great attention in the world. Based upon understanding on the development trend of computing science and the advent of a new round of IT technology revolution, the well-known National Strategic Computing Initiative (NSCI) was launched by the U.S. in 2015. The NSCI addresses the U.S. strategic objectives, missions, directions, and development approaches regarding to the development of HPC technology and industry in the future. Meanwhile, an organizational structure is constructed, and the division of responsibilities of all parties is clarified. The NSCI indeed is a whole national strategic plan. China has strongly supported the development of HPC technology and industry through a number of major strategic plans and policies, including the National Medium and Long-term Plan for Science and Technology Development (2006–2020), the 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th Five-Year Plan of national science and technology development and innovation programs, the National High-tech R&D Program (“863” Program), the National Key Basic Research Program of China (“973” Program), the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Innovation Driven Development Strategy Program, the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030 Agenda. Therefore, remarkable achievements have been made internationally. However, in comparison to the perceptive, scientific, and systematic U.S. NSCI Strategic Plan, in-depth, systematic, and realistic work is still needed to be done in terms of decision-making orientation, policy-package setting, and policy-reality docking in China. Otherwise, it is difficult to get out of the vicious circle of catching up, falling behind, and chasing again.