生态草牧业在我国精准扶贫中的作用和潜力——中国科学院植物研究所科技扶贫实践与模式探索

On Role and Potential of Grass-based Livestock Husbandry in Poverty Alleviation——Practice and Pattern Exploration of S&T Poverty Alleviation by Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences

实施科技产业扶贫,是实现脱贫攻坚的一项重要战略措施。我国草原牧区是少数民族的主要聚居区,也是贫困人口的集中分布区,是我国脱贫攻坚的"硬骨头"。面向新时代居民食物消费的多元化和高品质需求,在我国农业供给侧改革的推动下,生态草牧业迎来了发展的春天,也为我国广大草原牧区的社会经济发展提供了大好机遇。草原牧区通过生态草牧业产业扶贫,全国已有不少脱贫致富的成功案例。中国科学院生态草牧业扶贫工作由中国科学院植物研究所牵头,联合院内外多家单位在贵州省水城县开展"黑山羊草畜一体化"示范项目,并为云南省永善县肉牛养殖提供科技支撑,项目成果为草山草坡地区发展生态草牧业产业扶贫提供了可借鉴的成功经验。我国面积广阔的草地资源不仅是广大牧民经济收入的主要来源,也具有保持水土、涵养水源等重要的生态功能。因此,发展生态草牧业,不仅是牧区实施产业扶贫的重要出路,也是我国建设美丽中国,实施乡村振兴战略的重要内容。

Poverty alleviation or mitigation through science and technology is one of the strategies implemented in China. Grassbased Livestock Husbandry aims to develop sustainable and profitable ruminant farming systems and is an attractive and effective countermeasure for poverty alleviation in grasslands of China. Our survey indicated that 152 counties in the grassland region are in poverty, representing 56.7% of the total 268 counties. Hence, grasslands are the regions where the “hard core” poverty populations reside. As a pilot initiative, Chinese Academy of Sciences has launched projects in the grasslands in the north and the moutain meadows in the south to couple forage cultivation and processing with husbandry of elite local livestock breeds by improving the efficiency of converters of feed to products, and the projects have substantially helped local people increase their household incomes. Nationwidely, the grassland occupies more than 40% of the total national land area, hence the sustainable development of grass-based livestock farming systems could play a central role and have great potential in poverty alleviation.