公安机关指导性案例的现实困境与出路

The Police Guiding Case's Realistic Dilemma and Prospect

依据公安部通知选编的公安机关指导性案例具有分级选编、逐级下发的地域性,不公开发布的内部性,发布数量的固定性,效力的非强制性,发布周期的不确定性等特征。其注重对案例定性的指导,以取证指引为重要组成部分,由多个相似案件组成并列举不同观点分析。当前的公安机关指导性案例无法解决裁量权带来的执法问题,选编案例滞后、选编种类模糊,可能异变为一种行政任务而无实际效力,基层民警也缺少学习的精力和时间。欲摆脱此发展困境,应取消选编案例的硬性指标规定,明确指导性案例的效力,扩展选编主体、区分下发主体,赋予指导性案例公开性,及时更新案例,汇总反馈应用情况,组织民警学习使用。

According to the Ministry of Public Security's notification, the police guiding cases' features include the following: graded selection, graded distribution, non-openness, quantitative fixation, non-compulsory effectiveness, uncertainty of publication cycle and so on. It pays attention to the case qualitative, takes evidence-gathering guidance as an important component, and consists of several similar cases and lists different viewpoints for analysis. However, the police guiding cases have many problems, such as it can not solve the law enforcement problems brought by discretion. The lagging and vague types of selected cases may change into an administrative task without practical effect, and the grass-roots police also lack the timeliness. In order to get rid of these problems, we should cancel the hard indicators for selecting cases, clarify the effectiveness of guiding cases, expand the main body of selecting and compiling cases, distinguish the main body of issuing cases, endow guiding cases with openness, update cases in time, summarize the application of feedback, and ask the policeman to learn and use them.