魏晋南北朝时期侠的形态与文化研究

Study of the Form and Culture of Swordsmen in the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties

魏晋南北朝时期,朝代更迭频繁,战争连年不断,民族走向融合,迎来了中国历史上思想文化的繁荣期。这一时期,侠的形态同文化一样向多元化方向发展:有效仿先秦时期古典游侠的贤侠,他们有勇有谋,有情有义;有乱世缔造的英侠,能领兵打仗,也能安抚百姓;有文人士族代表的文侠,虽放浪形骸,却心系家国;也有富贵宴游,趁乱劫掠的豪侠;还有受中原文化影响的北方少数民族少年游侠和军营女侠。在此时期,侠开始从史书中记载的人物传续为现实中的文人性情,侠的气质也开始融入文学审美特征,并衍生发展为诗歌中的寻常主题,从而传扬了侠文化。

It ushered in the great ideological and cultural prosperity period in Chinese history during the Wei, Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,though people lived in a time of dynastic changes,frequent wars and hard livelihood. The form of swordsmen in this period had developed in the direction of pluralism as well as culture did. There were the classical swordsmen who imitated the pre-Qin period knight-errant,brave,resourceful,affectionate and righteous;heroes created in troubled times,who could not only be capable of fighting,but also comfort the people;literati swordsmen who represented the literati clan,wandering,but still committed to the nation;bandit swordsmen who always had big banquets,and looted for fun;minority Ranger Juniors and heroines who were influenced by the Central Plains culture. In addition,swordsmen were integrated with the literati's temperament over the characters recorded in the history books during this period. The combination of swordsmen temperament and literary aesthetics was developed into the common themes in poetry,which was extremely important for the development of swordsmen culture and later poetry style.