在“生命权”和“医疗自主权”之间——中国台湾地区安宁缓和、患者自主权利、安乐死推进历程

Between “Right to Life” and “Medical Autonomy”: Progressive Course of Hospice Palliative Care, Patient Autonomy and Euthanasia in Taiwan

随着医疗科技的发达,末期患者过度依赖维生医疗设备延长生命,却加剧患者临终的痛苦,这驱使台湾地区公众深度思考如下议题:患者临终前的生命质量是否重于生命末期的无效医疗?患者的自主意愿是否高于生命权?以在台湾地区引发安乐死讨论的几个案例开始讨论,如台湾体育主播傅达仁希望"立法"通过安乐死;再论述台湾地区"安宁缓和规定"修订过程,并引入2019年将施行的"患者自主权利规定"之精神,由规定修改的角度进一步挖掘出当前趋势,即台湾地区公众对临终生命自主权的意识提高,追求临终生命质量甚于生命的延长。

With the development of medical technology,terminal stage patients rely excessively on medical equipment to prolong their lives,but this aggravates the pain of dying patients.The current situation drives the Taiwan Residents people to think deeply about the following issues:Does the quality of life before death outweigh the ineffective medical treatment at the end of life?Is the patient’s autonomy higher than the right to life?This article started with several cases that triggered the discussion of euthanasia in Taiwan,such as the case of Mr.Fu Daren,a sports anchor in Taiwan,who wished to pass legislation on euthanasia.Meanwhile,this paper reviewed the revision process of the“hospice palliative care rules”in Taiwan,and introduced the spirit of“patient autonomy rules”to be implemented in 2019.From the perspective of the revision of the regulations,the current trend was further explored.The awareness of Taiwan Residents people on the right of self-determination in their final life was improved,and the pursuit of the quality of their final life was more than the extension of their lives.