以复苏为目的冻存遗体的伦理问题与对策

Ethical Problems and Countermeasures of Human Body Cryopreservation for the Purpose of Resuscitation

人体冷冻技术是一项新兴的科学技术,无论是在医学方面还是生物化学方面上,都能顺利实施前期冷冻,但是在知情同意和生死选择等问题上又提出更高的伦理要求。根据我国"心跳、呼吸停止"的死亡标准,人体冷冻技术不是医疗救治,而属于遗体捐献范畴,除了要充分尊重死者生前捐献遗愿,而且在死者生前没有任何表示时,推定其同意捐献。同时为了防止该技术产生的伦理与社会风险,构建出伦理委员会与卫生行政部门双审查的监管模式是一个明智的选择。

Human body cryopreservation technology is an emerging science and technology.It can smoothly implement pre-freezing in both medical and biochemical aspects,but it also raises higher ethical requirements on informed consent and choice of life and death.According to the death standard of“cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest”in China,cryopreservation technology of human body is not medical treatment,but belongs to the category of body donation.In addition to fully respecting the deceased’s life donation wishes,and in the absence of any indication before the deceased’s death,the consent of the deceased is presumed.At the same time,in order to prevent the ethical and social risks generated by the technology,it is a wise choice to construct a double-review supervision model between the ethics committee and the health administration department.