集体林区林地经营效率的影响因素研究——基于地块尺度的微观调查数据

Study on Factors Affecting Production Efficiency of Forestland in Collective-owned Forest Areas: Based on Microscopic Survey Data of Plot Scale

研究目的:基于辽宁省30个村庄270个农户703个地块调查数据,以地块为基本单元,揭示林地经营效率的影响因素,以期为提高土地经营效率提供依据。研究方法:随机前沿生产函数模型(SFA)和Tobit计量模型。研究结果:从林农特征看,家庭劳动力投入占比能显著提高林地经营效率,而户主年龄、受教育程度和联户均未发挥显著作用。从地块特征看,林地流转未能发挥其正效应,离家、离公路越近的林地其经营效率越高,公益林的经营效率远低于商品林。从自然特性看,坡度、灾害对经营效率有负向作用,灌溉为正向作用,但均不显著。从产权安全性看,产权证、经营期限、土地权利系数均有正向作用,但都不能有效促进经营效率的提高。从政策扶持看,森林保险对林地经营效率的提升具有显著作用;林权抵押贷款和林业补贴未起到显著作用,其中无补贴的林地经营效率高于有补贴的林地。研究结论:重视微观地块林农特征、地块特征、自然特性、产权安全性、政策补贴,对促进林地经营效率的提高和林业可持续增长具有重要意义。

Based on the microcosmic survey data of 703 forestland plots of 290 rural households in 30 villages in Liaoning Province, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors affecting the efficiency of forestland utilization in order to provide a theoretical basis for improving the land use efficiency. The methods of Stochastic frontier production function and Tobit regression model were used. The results are as follows. First, the increase of household labors contributes to the efficiency improvement of forestland production, but the age of the householder, the level of education and joint household don’t make any significance. Second, considering the characteristics of the plots, forestland transfer fails to exert positive effect on production efficiency. The closer the forestland to the road is, the higher the productivity is. The production efficiency of public-interest forestland is far lower than that of commercial forestland. Thirdly, from the perspective of natural characteristics, slope and natural disasters have a negative effect on the production efficiency of forestland, while irrigation is positive, though there is a lack of significance. Fourth, from the perspective of property security, although property rights certificate, term of operation and coefficient of land rights have positive effects on the productivity of forestland, but they can’t promote the production efficiency of forestland. Finally, from the perspective of policy, forest insurance has a significant effect on improving the production efficiency of forestland, while forest rights mortgage loans and forestry subsidies does’t, and production efficiency of non-subsidized forestland is far higher than that of subsidized forest. In conclusion, in order to promote forestland production efficiency and the sustainable growth of forestry, it is essential to focus on the forest farmers’ characteristics, plot characteristics, natural characteristics, property security and policy subsidies for micro-plots.