有机废弃物发酵处理专用微生物菌种的开发

Development of Special Microbial Strains for Fermentation of Organic Wastes

为开发出适用于处理有机废弃物的专用菌种,试验选取乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌、酵母菌等益生菌和酶类,采用正交设计,以pH、酸溶蛋白含量、还原糖含量及气味为指标,优化得到发酵性能优良的复合菌剂。试验确定的最优复合菌剂及其接种量为布拉迪酵母0.125%、枯草芽孢杆菌0.03%、植物乳杆菌0.1%、纳豆芽孢杆菌0.03%、啤酒酵母0.25%、干酪乳杆菌0.05%,纤维素酶200 U·g^(-1)。采用该复合菌剂处理餐厨余和豆渣48 h后,其pH稳定在4.0～4.5,氨含量<10 ppm,硫化氢含量<3 ppm,并具有怡人的酸香味;发酵物中含有丰富的益生菌,还原糖、粗蛋白、小肽等营养物质;重金属、致病菌均未检出。该复合菌剂处理有机废弃物具有高效、安全且产物营养丰富,有利于废弃物储存与畜禽、昆虫食用等优点。

To develop special microbial strains for fermentation treatment of organic wastes, Lactobacillus, Bacillus, yeast and other probiotics and enzymes were selected and optimized by orthogonal design with pH, acid-soluble protein content, reducing sugar content and odor as indicators. The results showed that the optimum compound inoculant and its inoculation amount were 0.125% Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii, 0.03% Bacillus subtilis, 0.1% Lactobacillus plantarum, 0.03% Bacillus natto, 0.25% Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 0.05% and 200 U·g-1 cellulase. After 48 h fermentation, the pH of kitchen waste and soybean residue was stable between 4.0 and 4.5, the ammonia content was less than 10 ppm, the hydrogen sulfide content was less than 3 ppm and had pleasant acidity and wine aroma. Fermentation products were rich in probiotics, reducing sugar, crude protein, small peptide and other nutrients, heavy metals and pathogenic bacteria were not detected. The compound microbial agent had high efficiency and safety in treating organic wastes. The product was rich in nutrition and more convenient for waste storage and consumption of livestock, poultry and insects.