监察委员会留置措施适用的类型化及其刑事司法规制

Applicable Types of Lien Measures by Supervisory Committee and its Criminal Judicial Regulation

《监察法》赋予监察委12项调查职能,留置以其限制公民人身自由之特质最为严苛。留置取代"两规"措施是反腐法治化的历史必然,监察委调查与刑事司法的衔接程序是区分职务违法处置与职务犯罪移送提起公诉的关键所在。在职务违法调查阶段,立法应对留置适用的条件、方式和限度予以区别对待,否则适用标准混同极易导致权力滥用且难以救济;在职务犯罪调查阶段,除法定申诉渠道外应肯认被留置人有限的法律帮助权;在移送审查提起公诉阶段,应立基于检察机关司法审查功能确保犯罪嫌疑人、被告人相关刑事诉讼权利。

The supervisory law gives the supervisory commission 12 investigative means, lien is the most stringent which restricts the personal freedom of citizen. It is a historical necessity to replace "two regulations" with lien, the connecting procedure between investigation and criminal justice is the key to distinguish disposal of illegal duty and transferal of duty crime prosecution. In the investigation stage of duty violation, the conditions, methods and limits of lien should be treated differently by legislation, otherwise, the confusion of applicable standards will easily lead to abuse of power and difficulty to remedy;In the investigation stage of duty crime, in addition to the legal channels of complaint, legislation should recognize the limited legal aid rights of the detained person;In the stage of duty crime prosecution, the judicial review function of People′s procurator should ensure the relevant criminal procedural rights of the criminal suspect and the defendant.