《生物多样性公约》中的国家主权原则

The Principles of State Sovereignty in the Convention on Biological Diversity

《生物多样性公约》序言确定生物多样性保护是全人类"共同关切事项",这一概念的确立拓展了公约中国家主权原则的内涵,具体则体现在遗传资源的获取与惠益分享、技术的取得和转让、资金来源与机制这三项制度上。然而具体制度在实际案例中仍存在困境,Enola案表明公民个人跨国携带生物资源时事先知情同意制度无法有效落实,墨西哥国立自治大学——迪沃萨案则反映出提供遗传资源的国家未能在ABS方面有效立法时,生物资源合作开发难以推进。

In the preamble of the Convention on Biological Diversity,it is determined that the pr-otection of biological diversity is a"matter of common concern"for all mankind.The establishment of this concept has expanded the connotation of the principle of state sovereignty.This article analyzed this extension from three concrete regimes:(a)the access and benefit sharing of genetic resources;(b)access to and transfer of technology;(c)financial resources and mechanism.However,these regimes still have predicament in actual cases.Enola case reflected that the prior informed consent system cannot be effectively implemented when citizens carried biological resources across borders,while Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(UNAM)-Diversa case reflected that when country providing genetic resources failed to legislate effectively on ABS,it was difficult to promote the cooperative development of biological resources.