论《史记》处理文献材料的两种方法:引文与录文

Two Ways of Dealing with Literature Materials in“Shi Ji”: Quotation and Lu Wen

引文、录文是《史记》处理文献材料的两种重要方式。《史记》引文包括三类转引引文和一般性引文,后者的使用频率最高。《史记》的一般性引文与录文的表象相似而本质、功用不同。一般性引文是为了引出或论证、论述史家的某种观点,以引者(司马迁)为中心,多称引经典的、具有高影响力、高认同度的言辞;录文则为记载事件、传述传主、展现原文等目的服务,以他者(传主或事件)为中心,不一定以典范、影响力为标准。《史记》一般性引文、部分录文都具有"著作权意识"的雏形,但二者的侧重点不同。二者发展源头不同,但录文的发展可能受到了引文的启示。

Quotation and Lu Wen were the important ways to deal with a wide range of literature materials for the book of "Shi Ji". The quotation of "Shi Ji" had three kinds of special quotation and ordinary quotation, while the latter was the most frequently used. The ordinary quotation and Lu Wen appeared to be similar, while their nature and functions were different. The purpose of ordinary quotation was to draw out or demonstrate some views of historians with the quoter Sima Qian as the center, so most quotes were classic words with high impact and high approval. However, the purpose of Lu Wen was to record historical events, transmit speakers’ words and present the original text with speakers or events as the center, so norm or influence might not necessarily be the standard. The ordinary quotation and some of Lu Wen both had preliminary copyright awareness, but their emphasis was different. Their origins were different, but Lu Wen's development might be enlightened by quotation.