偏孟德尔分离的遗传学实验设计与探讨

Design and exploration of genetic experiments for non-Mendelian segregation

本文将科研中发现的一个含调控杂种花粉不育基因座(S23)的水稻材料(DSSL)应用于教学,设计了一个基于SSR分子标记对比经典孟德尔分离和偏孟德尔分离的综合性实验。利用位于水稻两条染色体上的4个SSR标记对两亲本及其杂交构建的F_2代群体进行单株基因型检测,用显微图像观察与统计分析亲本及杂种F1的花粉育性,不仅从分子水平上验证了分离定律,更从基因型到表型的观察实验中完整展现了水稻的偏孟德尔分离现象及其原因,加深了学生对植物遗传规律、基因型与表型关系的理解,激发了学生对实验的兴趣与探究动机,增强了学生对实验学习的自觉性和积极性。并在此基础上构思一个科研成果转化至教学应用的可持续发展思路,以推动实验教学的改革与创新。

It has always been a challenge to combine research progress with undergraduate laboratory teaching.Herein we designed a comprehensive experiment to compare classical Mendelian segregation and non-Mendelian distorted segregation by utilizing a rice material(DSSL)containing F1 hybrid male sterility locus S23 constructed previously in our research project.Using the four SSR markers located on two chromosomes of rice,the genotypes of the F2 population and the two parents were analyzed,and the phenotypes of the pollen fertility of the two parents and their F1 plants were investigated.The results not only verified segregation law at the molecular level,but also fully demonstrated the distorted segregation in both genotypes and phenotypes,thus deepening students’understandings of plant genetics and the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes,inspiring students’interests in genetics experiments,and enhancing students’consciousness and enthusiasm for experimental learning.On the basis of this,a sustainable development idea of transforming scientific research progress into teaching applications was conceived to promote the reform and innovation of genetics laboratory teaching.