创新机制、重心下移、嵌入决策过程:中国特色新型智库建设的“下半场”

Innovation Mecha nism, Focus Shift and Embedded Decision-Making Process Operation & Business Model: The Second Half of the New Think-Tank Initiative with Chinese Characteristics

根据《关于加强中国特色新型智库建设的意见》提出的时间表——到2020年实现总体目标,2013年以来的五年属于中国特色新型智库建设的"上半场",未来三年属于"下半场"。"上半场"成果丰硕,截至2017年底有九大类604家智库,分布于50多个战略和政策领域;智库的制度建设和运营管理探索出不少经验,涌现出很多可圈可点的案例。目前各界对新型智库建设的深远意义认识得更加清晰,包括:新型智库建设成为推动国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要抓手和重要路径;新型智库建设继承了儒家"学为政本"传统,促进了国家治理的科学理性和专业理性;新型智库建设本质是开放言路,建立制度化的"政-知""政-产""政-媒""政-社"意见交通渠道,调动各行业知识精英参与国家治理的积极性;新型智库建设促进了有利于开展政策辩论的理性"第二公共政策空间"。"下半场"面临五大挑战:智库产业集中度和产业集群性很低,"散""弱""小"局面并未发生根本改变;新型智库建设未能突破"三明治陷阱";研究咨询业务过于集中政策过程的前端,业务模式头重脚轻;智库和政府内部研究机构是"两张皮",供给与需求之间的信息不对称难以消除;智库成果认定与激励的指挥棒设计不合理。新型智库体系建设要解决智库产业的集中度和集群性问题,实体化和法人化是解决体制机制创新、克服"三明治陷阱"的重要途径,业务重心下移和后置是解决智库浮于表面注重形式传播问题的重要思路,而推行"嵌入式决策咨询服务模式"是解决政策研究与对策研究衔接、发挥"内脑"和"外脑"协同研究效应的重要选择,智库成果认定与激励措施的调整则始终是最重要的保障。

This article is the general preface to“Think Tank Series of Nanjing University”,written by Professor Li Gang.According to the timetable put forward in the Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of New Think Tanks with Chinese Characteristics,the five years since 2013 is the first half of the construction of new think tanks with Chinese characteristics,and the next three years after 2018 will be the second half.The first half has yielded fruitful results.By the end of 2017,there had been nine categories of totally 604 think tanks,distributed in more than 50 strategic and policy areas;the system construction and operation management of think tanks have explored a lot of experience and many cases that deserves being cited have emerged.At present,people from all fields of society have a clearer understanding of the far-reaching significance of the construction of new think tanks:The construction of new think tanks has become an important way to promote the modernization of our national governance system and capacity;the construction of new think tanks has inherited the Confucian tradition of“learning for politics”,and promoted the scientific and professional rationality of national governance;the essence of the construction of new think tanks is to open the way of expression,to establish institutionalized channels of exchanging opinions of“government-knowledge”,“government-property”,“government-media”and“government-society”,and to encourage the enthusiasm of the intellectual elites from all walks of life to participate in national governance;the construction of new think tanks promotes the rational“second public policy space”which is conducive to policy debate.The second half of the new think tank construction is facing five challenges:the low concentration and industrial cluster of the think tank industry is still“scattered”,“weak”and“small”;the new think tank construction has not effectively broken through the“sandwich trap”of the system;the research and consulting business of think tanks is too centralized in the front end of the policy process,which makes the business model become top-heavy;think tanks and research institutes within the government are“two skins”,and the information asymmetry between supply and demand cannot be eliminated;the design of the baton for identifying and motivating the results of think tanks is unreasonable.In order to solve the problem of concentration and clustering of the think tank industry,the new think tank system has to be built.Substantialization and legalization are the two important ways to improve institutional innovation and overcome the“sandwich trap”.The downward shift and postposition of business focus is an important way to solve the problem that think tanks pay too much attention to the form of communication on the surface.The implementation of“embedded decision consulting service mode”is an important measure to improve the cohesion between policy research and countermeasure research as well as the collaborative effect between internal brain and outside brainpower.Adjusting the identification of think tanks and incentive measures is most important to the construction of new think tank.