淡水鱼类功能生态学研究进展

Functional ecology of freshwater fish: research progress and prospects

在全球变化和人类活动的影响下,生物多样性正以前所未有的速度丧失,全球生物正经受第六次生物多样性危机。淡水生态系统是最脆弱的生态系统之一。淡水鱼类作为淡水生态系统的重要组成部分,承受着日趋严重的气候变化、栖息地退化、生物入侵和过度捕捞等压力,面临巨大的威胁。在此背景下,如何准确评估鱼类种群和群落对环境变化的响应,以及鱼类群落结构和功能的变化对生态系统功能的影响是淡水鱼类多样性和淡水生态系统保护的关键问题。近年来,淡水鱼类功能生态学的快速发展为解答这一问题提供了一个框架。系统地介绍了淡水鱼类功能生态学主要研究内容、方法、进展及其应用,并着重介绍了淡水鱼类功能特征及其与环境的关系、环境变化下的功能生态学响应研究。据此提出了淡水鱼类功能生态学未来的重点研究方向,指出了其在鱼类多样性保护和资源利用等领域的应用前景。

Global biodiversity is currently experiencing the sixth major crisis and is declining at an unprecedented rate due to global change and anthropogenic activities.Furthermore,freshwater ecosystems are among the most vulnerable ecosystems,and freshwater fish,as the main biological components of such ecosystems,are increasingly threatened.Accurately assessing the responses of fish populations and communities to environmental changes(e.g.,climate change,habitat degradation,biological invasion,and overfishing)and understanding the effect of changes in fish community structure and function on ecosystem functioning are essential to conserving freshwater fish and ecosystems.Recent studies of the functional ecology of freshwater fish have provided a framework for addressing these challenges.Here,we review the methodology,progress,and application of these studies,highlight the functional traits and responses of freshwater fish to environmental changes,discuss the application of new information to fish diversity conservation and fish resource utilization,and propose future research directions.