精准扶贫政策实施中存在的问题、原因及其完善——以公共政策的运行为分析视角

On the Implementation of Targeted Poverty Alleviation Problems,Causes and Improving Ways——From the Perspective of Public Policy Operation

治贫是现代国家的基本职责,我国精准扶贫政策实施四年多来,成效非常显著。但进一步观察精准扶贫政策的实际运行,实践中也出现了一些问题:一些扶贫对象怀疑或抵触产业扶贫、抵触脱贫摘帽或利用精准扶贫政策压力投机;扶贫干部在政策执行中采取"策略性"行为;层层传导的压力有时反而助长了实际工作中的形式主义和短期行为。为此,从公共政策的运行过程看,在政策理念上强化扶贫的终极价值取向是激发贫困户的内生动力,形成正向的激励机制。政策具体执行要坚持"刚柔相济"的原则,增强扶贫对象的主体性和发展能力,最终实现贫困人群的可持续发展。

Poverty alleviation is a basic obligation of a modern state,and China has achieved remarkable results after four years of the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation.Through analyzing the practice of this policy,this paper finds that there still exist some problems,such as,some poverty alleviation objects doubting or rejecting industrial poverty alleviation and rejecting lifting out of poverty,some of them utilizing this policy to speculate,some poverty alleviation cadres taking“strategic”measures in the implementation of this policy and the pressures from different levels in turn encouraging formalism and short-term behavior,etc.Based on this situation,efficient operation of this policy should be built on the following ideas,that is,as far as the policy level’s concer ned and from the perspective of the operation of public policy,it should be strengthened that the ultimate value of poverty alleviation is to stimulate the endogenous dynamic of the low income family in order to form a positive incentive mechanism,and the operation of the ploicy should adhere to the principle of“coupling hardness with softness”so that the subjectivity and developing ability of the poverty alleviation objects could be improved and the sustainable development of the poverty could be achieved eventually.