精准扶贫与总体性贫困之耦合困境及其应对——基于黔东北X村的经验考察

The Coupling Dilemma of Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Its Response in Total Poverty-stricken Areas——An Empirical Study of X Village in Northeast Guizhou

总体性贫困地区是脱贫攻坚的主战场,扶贫取得了历史性胜利,但进入精准扶贫阶段,仍遭遇了贫困发生机制、类型与扶贫主体、手段、方式的错位,政策设计与贫困主体的对接错位,扶贫政策的虚化、重叠,扶贫资源的负溢出以及扶贫工作异化等现实困境,造成政策效率的严重损失。为顺利、高效地实现2020年全面脱贫的战略目标,且基于其特殊的自然、地理、经济、社会及人文因素,总体性贫困地区亟需重返中观的开发扶贫层面,着重区域性基础设施与市场制度建设,增强政策对接区域与主体的耦合性,提高扶贫的精准性,设计出相互区别、相互支持、相互补充的反贫困制度体系,反思扶贫的最终界限,保障扶贫资源的科学、合理、适度运用,不断完善改进扶贫工作的思路与方法。

Total poverty-stricken areas are the main battlefield for poverty alleviation.Although the poverty alleviation has achieved historic victory in China,there still exist many realistic dilemmas,such as the dislocation between poverty occurrence mechanism,type and poverty alleviation subjects,means,manners,the mismatch between policy design and poverty subjects,the blurring and overlapping of poverty alleviation policies,the negative spillover of poverty alleviation resources,the alienation of poverty alleviation work and so on,which cause serious loss of policy efficiency.In order to achieve the strategic goal of comprehensive poverty alleviation in 2020 smoothly,efficiently and continuously,also based on the special natural,geographical,economic,social and human factors,the northeastern areas of Guizhou province need to return to the median level of poverty alleviation and development,to focus on the construction of regional infrastructure and market system,to enhance the coupling between the policy docking area and subjects,to improve the accuracy of poverty alleviation,to design an anti-poverty system that is mutually differentiated,mutually supportive and complementary,to reflect the final limits of poverty alleviation,to ensure the scientific,rational and appropriate use of poverty alleviation resources,and to perfect the thoughts and methods of poverty alleviation work constantly.