灾害文化记忆的建构:路径、逻辑及社会效应——以海原大地震为例

The Construction of Disaster Cultural Memory: Path,Logic and Social Effects——Taking the Haiyuan Earthquake as an Example

灾害文化记忆以象征性客体为载体,是人类灾害记忆的"外在维度",往往能折射出国家权力、地域社会文化传统间的交互关系。海原地震灾害文化记忆建构主体分别为宗教人士、地方精英和地方政府,宗教人士与地方精英分别以宗教逻辑和地方自觉逻辑对灾害进行建构,影响范围较小;而地方政府意欲采用"去人格化"和"景观化"的灾害文化记忆建构逻辑来推动地方发展,并据此对另两类文化记忆进行取舍、整合和"调整"。随着时间推移,地方政府面临目标设置失效的挑战,其主导的文化记忆之建构主体、面向、形式均脱离民间语境和日常生活,更未能为地方社会提供身份认同,灾害背后所蕴含的深层意义未被发掘,体现着当代中国灾害记忆建构的一类矛盾和危机。

The symbolic object is the carrier of disaster cultural memory,which is the“external dimension”of human disaster memory.It often reflects the relationship between state power and local cultural traditions.The subject of disaster cultural memory construction of the Haiyuan earthquake is religious personages,local elites and local governments.Religious personages and local elites construct disasters with religious logic and local cultural consciousness logic respectively,with a relatively small scope of influence.Local governments intend to use the disaster cultural memory constructive logic of“depersonalization”and“landscaping”to promote local development.The government also“chooses,integrates and adjusts”the other two types of cultural memory.Over time,local governments are facing the challenge of target setting failure.The constructive subject,orientation and form of the dominant cultural memory are separated from the folk context and daily life,and can’t provide identity for the local society.The deep meaning behind the earthquake disaster has not been discovered,which reflects a kind of contradiction and crisis in the construction of disaster memory in contemporary China.