塑造观念:以人类学的想象力重新审视多维历史现象

Molding Ideas: Reexamining Multi-dimensional Historical Phenomenon with Anthropological Imagination

纵观近当代的人类学经典论著,"人类学的想象力"贯穿了民族志田野研究与表述的始终。全球化时代,人类学的想象力应着眼于能否提升个体对宏观事物的理解,能否明晰自我处境之于整体的位置,以及能否给予多维历史现象从微观到宏观的建构过程。在早期人类学家的知识理路中,列维·斯特劳斯以其对人类实践行为的抽象理论,再现了人类学想象力原始训练的程式。在此意义上,西敏司和谢佩尔·休斯等对"甜与死亡"的政治经济学批判,则体现了人类学想象力于微观和宏观之间的建构效力。回到现象生活层面,人类学想象力仍旧可以重新阐释与刻画人所熟知的惯常现象,包括仪式、传统、空间等蕴含权力意像的形态。因此,通过人类学的想象力重新审视和观照民族历史与全球化知识生产,正是为了使人们具备深层次的心智品质,塑造更具解放意义的全球观念,从而使所有人一起协商文化的意义,共享文明的成果。

Throughout the contemporary anthropological classics,the“anthropological imagination”runs through the ethnographic field research and narration.In the era of globalization,the anthropological imagination should focus on whether it can enhance the individual’s understanding of macroscopic things,whether it can clarify the position of the self in the whole,and whether it can construct the multi-dimensional historical phenomenon from micro to macro.In the early intellectual research of anthropologists,Levi-Strauss reproduces the original training program of anthropological imagination with his abstract theory of human practice.In this sense,the political and economic critique of“sweetness and death”by Sidney Mintz and Scheper Hughes embodies the constructive effectiveness of anthropological imagination between micro and macro.Returning to the phenomenon of life,the anthropological imagination can still reinterpret and describe the usual phenomena,including rituals,traditions,spaces and other forms of power imagery.Therefore,reexamining and observing national history and global knowledge production through anthropological imagination is precisely to enable people to have a deeper mental quality and to create a more liberating global concept,so that everyone can negotiate cultural significance and share the fruits of civilization together.