城市化对土壤生态环境的影响研究进展

Impact of urbanization on the soil ecological environment:A review

城市土壤是城市生态系统中最重要的组成部分之一,发挥着重要的生态系统服务功能。在全球快速城市化的背景下,城市土壤受到人类活动的强烈干扰,土壤物理、化学性质发生改变,土壤退化与污染日益加重。城市土壤退化导致土壤动物生态特征与行为模式发生变化,城市景观格局与土地利用类型的变化强烈影响了土壤动物的栖息地,为土壤动物的生存与生物多样性带来潜在威胁;另一方面,城市化过程改变了土壤微生物群落组成与功能特征。城市化直接影响了城市土壤维持植物生长、土壤自然消减能力以及碳储存功能等重要的生态系统服务功能。针对城市化过程对土壤生态环境产生的一系列影响,需要采用科学的管理方式,改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤环境质量,保护和恢复土壤生物多样性,从而增强城市土壤的生态系统服务功能。

Urban soil is one of the most important components in urban ecosystems and plays a prominent role in ecosystem services.With the ongoing rapid urbanization worldwide,urban soils are being extensively disturbed by human activities,which alters their physical and chemical properties and results in soil degradation and severe pollution.The ecological characteristics and behavioral patterns of urban soil fauna has been affected by soil degradation,and changes in urban land use and land cover have disturbed the habitats of these fauna,posing potential threats to their survival and biodiversity.Urbanization has also significantly influenced the assemblage composition and functional characteristics of the soil microbial community.Furthermore,it has a direct impact on the essential ecosystem services of urban soils,including the maintenance of plant survival and growth,natural attenuation capacity,and carbon sequestration.To counter the impact of urbanization on the soil ecological environment,it is necessary to improve soil physical and chemical properties through scientific management,to maintain soil environmental quality,preserve biodiversity,and enhance the ecosystem service function of urban soil.