基于生物量的塔里木河下游胡杨(Populus euphratica)生态服务价值评估

Assessment of ecological service value based on biomass of Populus euphratica in the lower reaches of the Tarim River

胡杨是塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林的重要组成部分,研究塔里木河下游胡杨生物量及生态服务价值变化特征,可以为塔里木河下游生态输水的效益评估提供科学依据。以塔里木河下游胡杨为研究对象,采用实地调查采样与遥感解译分析相结合的方法,评估了不同年份胡杨地上生物量特征,并结合遥感方法提取不同年份胡杨面积,估算了不同年份胡杨的生态服务价值。结果表明:(1)胡杨主要分布在离河道0—700 m的范围内,此范围内的生物量占总生物量的90%以上;在离河道700 m以外,胡杨的生物量不足10%。英苏断面胡杨平均生物量最高,阿拉干断面次之,依干不及麻与喀尔达依断面胡杨生物量较低。(2)2000年,胡杨单位面积平均生态服务价值为78.96元/hm^2,2010年为177.14元/hm^2,2016年为313.55元/hm^2;胡杨总服务价值在2000年为43.24×10~4元,2010年为93.00×10~4元,2016年为184.27×10~4元。(3)2016年胡杨的有形服务价值为22.74×10~4元,无形服务价值为161.53×10~4元,胡杨的无形生态服务价值为有形生态服务价值的7.1倍。生态输水对胡杨生物量与服务价值具有显著的影响,输水效益十分显著。

Populus euphratica is an important part of the desert riparian forest in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.Changes of biomass characteristics and the ecological service value of P.euphratica were studied in this paper,that can provide scientific basis to the benefit assessments of ecological water conveyance in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.Firstly,characteristics of the biomass of P.euphratica in different years were evaluated by the methods includes field survey and remote sensing interpretation;Secondly,the area of P.euphratica in different years were extracted;Thirdly,the ecological service value of P.euphratica in different years were estimated.The results were as follows:(1)P.euphratica distributed in the range of 0-700 m distances from the river mainly,and the biomass in this range accounted for more than 90%of the total biomass;The average biomass of P.euphratica on Yingsu was the highest,Alagan was the next,Karday and Yiganbjm were very low.(2)Based on the revised formula,the average ecosystem service value of P.euphratica was 78.96 yuan/hm^2 in 2000,and that was 177.14 yuan/hm^2 and 313.55 yuan/hm^2 in 2010 and 2016,respectively.The total ecological service value of P.euphratica was 43.24×10^4 yuan,93.00×10^4 yuan,and 184.27×10^4 yuan in 2000,2010,and 2016,respectively.(3)In 2016,the visible service value of P.euphratica was 22.74x104 yuan;However,the invisible service value,which was 7.1 times more than the visible service value,was 161.53×10^4 yuan.There was amount of significant effects of ecological water conveyance on the biomass and service value of P.euphratica,and the benefit of ecological water conveyance was very significant.