诊断期乳腺癌患者心理痛苦状况的调查研究

The analysis for psychological status of breast cancer patients in diagnosis period

目的调查诊断期乳腺癌患者的心理状况。方法选取2016年7-10月在我院住院的245例诊断期乳腺癌患者为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷和心理痛苦温度计量表(Distress thermometer,DT)进行横断面调查。结果诊断期乳腺癌患者心理痛苦状况明显高于国内癌症常模(χ~2=6.12,P<0.05),各维度得分从高到低依次为实际问题、情绪问题、交往问题、身体问题和宗教信仰,单因素分析显示乳腺良性疾病史对患者心理痛苦程度的影响,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),引起心理痛苦前5位的条目为"经济问题""无时间精力照顾孩子/老人""无时间精力做家务""紧张"和"睡眠问题"。结论诊断期乳腺癌患者心理痛苦状况亟待关注,医护人员应针对知识信息缺乏、心理精神压力、失眠等问题为患者提供针对性的健康教育和心理疏导,以改善诊断期乳腺癌患者的身心健康状况。

Objective To study the psychological status of breast cancer patients in diagnosis period.Methods Using general information and psychological distress thermometer(Distress thermometer)questionnaire was used to investigate 245 cases inpatients before pathological diagnosis in the breast department.Results General psychological status of breast cancer patients in diagnosis stage was significantly higher than domestic norm(χ^2=6.12,P<0.05).The scores of sub-scales from high to low in the order is body,emotion,practice,communication and religious beliefs problems.Univariate analysis showed that history of mammary gland disease may affect the degree of psychological distress(P<0.05).5 top items causing psychological distress included economic problems,no time or energy to take care of the children/old man,no time or energy to do housework,tension and sleep problems.Conclusions Psychological distress of breast cancer patients in diagnosis deserves attention.Nurses should pay more attention and provide suitable psychological counseling to help patients take positive coping measures,improve physical and psychological health of breast cancer patients.