生态环境损害赔偿制度的实践与展望

Practice and prospect of ecological environment damage compensation system

生态环境损害赔偿已经受到社会广泛关注,随着《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》的印发,该制度将在全国范围内试行。在总结国内试点城市相关工作实施情况的基础上,结合江苏的实际分析了实施成效,最后提出了推进生态环境损害赔偿制度改革的相关建议。研究指出,首先提升思想认识水平。深化环保领域体制机制改革,着力构建系统完整、实施有效的生态文明制度体系,是推进生态环境损害赔偿制度的关键。其次强化制度的执行。生态环境损害赔偿制度的执行要求必须体现出"细、实、严"的理念,需要标准的细、过程的实、监督的严。再者完善赔偿磋商程序。生态环境损害赔偿的磋商十分重要,应该明确具体的磋商时间与次数,确保磋商工作高效,应建立在长期磋商无法达成一致、权利人不积极磋商或义务人故意拖延磋商时间等情况下转向赔偿诉讼的机制,以达到及时进行生态环境修复的目标。磋商过程中磋商内容应向社会公开(涉及国家秘密的内容除外),让公众全程知晓磋商的进展,从而也能让公众更好地判断磋商结果的公平合理性。

Ecological environment damage compensation has been widely concerned by the society.With the publication of the reform plan of the ecological environment damage compensation system,this system will be tried nationwide.On the basis of summarizing the implementation of the relevant work in the pilot cities in China,this paper analyzes the implementation results in the light of the actual situation in Jiangsu Province.Finally,some relevant suggestions for promoting the reform of the ecological environment damage compensation system are put forward.The study points out that the first step is to raise the level of ideological awareness.The key of promoting the system of compensation for ecological environmental damage is to deepen the reform of institutions and mechanisms in the field of environmental protection and build a complete and effective system of ecological civilization.Secondly,to strengthen the implementation of the system.The implementation of the ecological environmental damage compensation system must reflect the idea of“fine,solid and strict”,which requires detailed standards,solid process and strict supervision.Furthermore,the procedure of compensation consultation should be improved.Compensation consultation for ecological and environmental damage is very important.The specific time and frequency of consultations should be clear to ensure efficient consultation work.In order to achieve the goal of timely ecological and environmental restoration,a compensation litigation mechanism should be established in cases such as the long-term consultation fails to reach a consensus,the obligee does not actively consult,or the obligor intentionally delays the consultation,etc.During the consultation,the contents of the consultation should be open to the public(except those involving state secrets),keeping the public fully informed of the progress of the consultation so that the public can better judge the fairness and rationality of the consultation results.