技术竞争对企业专利许可行为的影响

Study on the Influence of Technology Competition on Enterprises′ Patent Licensing Behaviors

知识经济时代,知识产权的重要性愈加凸显。基于海量的中国企业专利许可数据,就多种竞争情境对企业对外许可行为的影响进行研究。实证分析发现,随着竞争密度增大,技术市场扩张厚度增加,企业倾向于对外许可其技术,但技术提供数量与专利许可率之间存在倒U型关系,中国仍远未达到拐点;许可过程中科研实力起到决定性作用,实力较强的竞争者对许可行为具有显著的抑制作用,反之,则具有促进作用。当被许可人是同行竞争者时,并没有拒绝或者延迟对外许可。另外,在对外许可中,国有企业的竞争反应较弱,私营企业较敏感。最后,结合中国市场情况提出相应对策建议。

The intellectual property is becoming more and more important in the course of knowledge economy. The impact of various competitive situations on firms' licensing is studied using a large number of Chinese enterprises' patent licensing data. The empirical analysis shows that firms incline to license out their patents with deteriorating of the competition environment,expanding of the technology market and increasing of the density of competition. But,there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the licensing propensity and the number of real technology providers. The number of technology providers is far from reaching the inflection point in China. The R&D strength of enterprises plays a decisive role in the licensing process,stronger competitors have obvious effect on the licensing act,and the weaker competitors promote this process. It also found that the licensors do not refuse or delay the licensing when the licensees are also competitors. In addition,the state-owned enterprises have an ineffective response in the licensing process,but the private sectors are more sensitive and efficient. Finally,the policy recommendations are proposed according to the market situation in China.