成都市成华区2015—2017年中小学校和托幼机构传染病聚集性疫情分析

Analysis on Aggregation Epidemic Events of Infectious Diseases at Primary Schools, Secondary Schools and Nurseries in Chenghua District of Chengdu from 2015 to 2017

目的分析成都市成华区2015—2017年中小学校和托幼机构传染病聚集性疫情的流行病学特征,为制定学校传染病防控措施提供科学依据。方法收集成都市成华区2015—2017年中小学校和托幼机构传染病聚集性疫情资料,对其进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2015—2017年,成华区共报告中小学校和托幼机构传染病聚集性疫情392起,发病2 854例,罹患率为0.87%。其中,托幼机构324起(82.65%),小学54起(13.78%),中学14起(3.57%)。主要病种为手足口病(73.47%)、诺如病毒感染(10.46%)、流感(8.16%)和水痘(7.14%)。托幼机构以手足口病、诺如病毒感染为主(95.37%),中小学以流感、水痘为主(69.12%)。结论重点加强托幼机构的手足口病、诺如病毒感染等肠道传染病,以及中小学校的流感、水痘等呼吸道传染病的防控。在疫情高峰期提高学校传染病疫情监测报告敏感性,早期处置,及时控制。加强托幼儿童手足口病EV71疫苗、中小学生水痘和流感等疫苗预防接种的宣传动员,提高疫苗接种率。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of aggregation epidemic events of infectious diseases at primary schools,secondary schools and nurseries in Chenghua District of Chengdu from 2015 to 2017,provide scientific basis for prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools.METHODS The data of aggregation epidemic events of infectious diseases at primary schools,secondary schools and nurseries in Chenghua District of Chengdu from 2015 to 2017 were collected,and analyzed by using the descriptive epidemiological methods.RESULTS A total of 392 aggregation epidemic events of infectious diseases at primary schools,secondary schools and nurseries were reported in Chenghua District from 2015 to 2017,involving 2 854 patients,with an average incidence of 0.87%.324 cases(82.65%)of events occurred in nurseries,54 cases(13.78%)of events occurred in primary schools,and 14 cases(3.57%)of events occurred in secondary schools.The major disease inclueded hand-foot-mouth disease(73.47%),norovirus infection(10.46%),influenza(8.16%)and chickenpox(7.14%).The major disease of evens in nurseries were hand-foot-mouth disease and norovirus infection,accountingfor 95.37%.The major disease of evens in primary schools and secondary schools were influenza and chickenpox,accounting for 69.12%.CONCLUSION The prevention and control measures of intestinal diseases in nurseries and respiratory diseases in primary schools and secondary schools should be strengthened.Sensitivity to monitor needed to be increased,especially at the peak of epidemic evens,so as to implement early intervention and timely control.It needed to enhance the health education to increase the chickenpox,influenza and EV71 vaccination rates.