行政规范性文件司法审查的基本进路探讨

A Discussion on the Basic Path of Judicial Review of Administrative Normative Documents

行政规范性文件的审查创造了在司法体制上对抽象行政行为进行监督和制约的可能。《行政诉讼法》的修改终结了长期以来行政诉讼审查是否包括行政规范性文件的争论,将行政规范性文件的审查标准提上了日程。行政规范性文件的司法审查标准在理论上应进一步探讨,在司法实践中应遵循其内在规律。当前审查的标准主要由规范性文件制定主体的权限、制定程序以及文件内容的禁止抵触几个方面构成。其中制定权限的审查应置于合法性审查之前;合法性审查应包含解释权限的审查;内容要件的审查主要审查规范内容同上位法的一致性;而程序审查尚存在困难。未来应考虑建构体系化的审查标准,避免由于审查标准的模糊而无法达致同案裁判的划一。

The review of administrative normative documents creates the possibility of supervising and restricting abstract administrative ACTS in the judicial system.The revision of the administrative procedure law has put an end to the debate over whether the review of administrative litigation includes administrative normative documents for a long time,and put the review standard of administrative normative documents on the agenda.The judicial review standard of administrative normative documents should be further discussed in theory and its internal law should be followed in judicial practice.The current review standard mainly consists of the authority of the main body of normative document formulation,the formulation procedure and the prohibition and conflict of document contents.Among them,the review of establishing authority should precede the legitimacy review;Legitimacy review should include the review of interpretation authority;The examination of contents and elements mainly examines the consistency between the contents of norms and the superior law;However,procedural review is still difficult.In the future,we should consider the construction of systematic examination standards to avoid the ambiguity of examination standards and the failure to reach the same judgment.