论禁止权利滥用原则中的私权保护——以一则“围墙拆除案”展开

On Protection of Private Rights in the Principle of Right Abuse Prohibition——Under a“Wall Demolition Case”

禁止权利滥用原则系权利社会化之产物,同时亦为民法协调私益与公共利益冲突之途径。在权利滥用之评判标准由主观的"恶用权利"转向客观的"利益衡量"之际,私权在抽象的公共利益面前更易遭受禁止权利滥用原则的不当限制。行为自由系民法基本之价值取向之一,在利益衡量的论证中,非有充分且正当的理由,法官不得禁止私权行使。禁止权利滥用原则之适用通常并非利益协调的终局结果,因公共利益优先保护而被禁止行使权利的私主体常因此受有明显的利益损失,对此,民法应采借相邻关系中的"分级救济"理念,视私主体利益损失之程度而赋予其以相应请求权,始符合公平正义之要求。

The prohibition of the principle of abuse of rights is the product of the socialization of rights,and it also serves as a way for civil law to coordinate the conflict between private interests and public interests.At the time when the criteria of the principle changed from subjective“exercising rights maliciously”to objective“balancing of interests”,private rights are more vulnerable to undue restrictions on the principle of prohibiting abuse of rights in the face of abstract public interests.Behavioral freedom is one of the basic values of civil law.In the argument of interest measurement,judges shall not prohibit the exercise of private rights unless there are sufficient and justifiable reasons.The application of the principle of prohibiting the abuse of rights is usually not the end result of the coordination of interests.The private subjects who are prohibited from exercising their rights for the priority protection of the public interest often suffer an obvious interest loss.In this regard,civil law should adopt the idea of“grading relief”in the adjacent relationship,and give private subjects specific right of claim corresponding to their losses so as to meet the requirements of fairness and justice.