民事诉讼立案登记制实践检视——以中国裁判文书网不予受理和驳回起诉裁定书为研究视角

Empirical Review on Civil Litigation Case Registration System——From the Perspective of Disapproval and Dismissal of Adjudication of the Online Registration System of Adjudicative Documents

不予受理和驳回起诉裁定是法院对当事人起诉行为做出的否定性评价,通过对裁判文书网上立案登记制实施前后三年的这两种裁定书及有关法院相关调研数据的检视,真实地反映出当下立案受理过程中仍存在审查标准过高、立案范围较窄及进行实质审查等问题,显然与立案登记制设立旨意相抵牾。这主要是由司法解纷的有限性、滥诉行为成本低廉、而相关解纷配套制度不完善等因素导致。应借鉴大陆法系民事诉讼构造和诉讼要件理论,结合我国司法实际,重置起诉条件、完善多元解纷机制,以期真正实现诉权保障,为当事人权益提供充分救济机会。

The disapproval and dismissal of adjudication is a negative evaluation made by the court on the litigant’s prosecution behavior.Through an empirical examination of the two decisions and relevant court research data in the three years before and after the implementation of the online registration system of adjudicative documents,it truly reflects that there are still examination standards in the current process of filing and accepting cases.The problems such as too high,narrow scope of filing and substantive examination are obviously incompatible with the purpose of setting up the system of filing and registration.This is mainly due to the limitation of judicial dispute resolution,the low cost of indiscriminate litigation,and the imperfect supporting system of dispute resolution.We should draw lessons from the theory of civil litigation structure and litigation elements in civil law system,combine with the judicial reality of our country,reset the conditions of prosecution,improve the multi-resolution mechanism,in order to truly realize the protection of litigation rights and provide ample relief opportunities for the rights and interests of the parties.