涉案财物跨部门统一管理的理论与实践——以上海市J区公检法涉案财物共管平台为样本

The Theory and Practice of Unified Management on Property Involved in Criminal Proceedings——By Taking a Case Study of the Property Co-management Platform of J District in Shanghai City

受条件限制、主体分散、信息封闭等因素影响,我国刑事涉案财物管理存在保管不规范、移送不顺畅、库存积压大、实施监督难等问题。实践中对涉案财物的移送及管理有"直接移送、各自管理""书面移送、公安代管"和"书面移送、行政管理"三种模式,但在法理上均存在弊端。借鉴域外证据保管链和犯罪收益追缴制度的经验,上海市J区以共管为基础,以平台为支撑,以数据为媒介,以监督为保障,建设公检法涉案财物统一管理信息平台和保管中心,探索"书面移送、三方共管"的涉案财物管理模式。推行公检法涉案财物共管模式,还需要加强顶层设计和观点转变,完善联席会商、社会保管等协调保障机制,加强新旧办案管理系统、信息平台与保管中心、财物管理和信息公示等信息化建设衔接机制,完善日常检查、定期通报、问责追责等监督机制。

Affected by factors such as restrictions on conditions,dispersion of subjects,and information closure,there are some shortcomings in China’s property management involved in criminal proceedings,such as improper storage,unsmooth transference,large inventory backlog,and difficult to supervise.In practice,there are three modes of property management,such as“transfer directly,separate management”,“documents transfer,police management”and“documents transfer,administrative management”,but all of them have drawbacks in legitimacy and jurisprudence.Drawing on the theory of chain of custody and proceeds of crime,J District in Shanghai city based on co-management,supported by platform,with data as the medium and supervision as the guarantee,set up the unified management information platform and custody center of the property,create the model of property management“documents transfer,three parties co-management”.To implement the property co-management model,we shall strengthen the top-level design and change our viewpoints,improve the coordination mechanism of joint consultations,introduce society strength,strengthen the integration mechanism of new and old management systems,information platforms and custody centers,property management and information disclosure,improve supervision mechanisms such as daily inspection,regular notification,problem accountability.