环境利益视阈下环境犯罪构成之重构

Reconstruction of the Constitution of Environmental Crimes in the Perspective of Environmental Interests

环境利益与人身权、财产权一样,是人类生存发展的基本权益,环境危害行为的定性应围绕环境利益展开。现行刑法关于环境犯罪的规定,具有明显的行政从属性,即以环境行政法规的违反作为定罪的前提,这种形式化的定罪标准易偏离对环境的保护。相比之下,以环境利益为中心的违法判断,能够兼顾刑法保护环境的目的和刑法体系内部的统一。因此,以环境利益作为环境犯罪的客体,重构环境犯罪的客观方面和主观方面,是规制环境犯罪、保护环境的合理选择。

Environmental interests,as personal rights and property rights,is the basic rights and interests of human survival and development.The cognizance of the behaviors of environmental damage should be based on environmental interests.The provisions of the current criminal law about environmental crime have obvious administrative subordination,that is,the violation of environmental administrative regulations is the premise of conviction.This formalized conviction standard is easy to deviate from the protection of the environment.In contrast,the judgment of illegality centered on environmental interests can take into account both the purpose of protecting the environment by criminal law and the unity of the criminal law system.Therefore,taking environmental interests as the object of environmental crime and reconstructing the objective and subjective aspects of environmental crime are reasonable choices to regulate environmental crime and protect the environment.