高等教育变革与开放大学可持续发展——来自欧洲四国开放大学的启示

Higher Education Reform and Sustainable Development of Open Universities: The Enlightenment from Four European Open Universities

互联网技术的广泛应用、OER和MOOCs的蓬勃发展、普通高校和企业大规模加入在线教育发展行列,给世界各国开放大学既带来了巨大机遇,也带来了严峻挑战,如何应对高等教育变革实现可持续发展已经成为世界各国开放大学面临的共同问题。本文在梳理分析欧洲四国(英国、西班牙、德国、葡萄牙)开放大学基本情况和发展近况的基础上,归纳总结了四国开放大学校长有关高等教育变革与开放大学可持续发展的重要思想和观点,包括高等教育的变革趋势、MOOCs及其发展前景、远程高等教育领域的竞争与合作等;分析了欧洲四国开放大学的发展战略,包括各自面临的挑战及当前的战略愿景、可持续发展与国际化、开放大学的虚实之辨等等,以期对我国开放大学的建设发展和战略决策有所启示。

The wide application of Internet technology,the vigorous development of OER and MOOCs,and ordinary colleges and universities and enterprises swarming in the online education,have brought great opportunities and serious challenges to Open Universities all over the world. It has become a common issue facing by Open Universities about how to deal with the reform of higher education and realize sustainable development. Based on the analysis of the basic information of the open universities in four European countries( namely,Britain,Spain,Germany and Portugal) and their current situation,this paper summarizes the important thoughts and views of the presidents of the four open universities on the reform of higher education and the sustainable development of open universities,including the transformation trends of higher education,MOOCs and its future development,competition and cooperation in distance higher education,etc. It also analyzes the development strategies of the four open universities including the problems and challenges faced by them respectively and their strategies and future visions in response,the sustainable development and internationalization,and the views on the true or the false of Open Universities,in order to bring some enlightenments to Open Universities in China in the process of their development and decision making.