日本促进小农户生产与现代农业有机衔接的经验对我国乡村振兴的启示

The Experience and Enlightenment in Facilitating Small-scale Farmers’ Production Engaged with Modern Agriculture in Japan under the Background of Rural Revitalization

基于文献分析及实地考察结果,文章指出自1961年日本实施《农业基本法》以来,通过完善法律制度、强化农民主体地位、围绕农地、资金和人才供给出台了相关支持政策,促使农业生产效率得到大幅度提升,城乡收入差距显著缩小。但是,由于资本主义私有制以及地方财税制度本身存在的缺陷,导致日本地方政府推动规模化经营的积极性不高、农地集约受阻、经营性收入对农民增收贡献持续下降。建议我国应谨慎适时推动直接税制度改革,加强乡村振兴立法保障、巩固农村基本经营制度、强化以农民为主体的施政机制和加大对小农户的支持力度。

Based on the literature analysis and field investigation results,this study shows that since 1961,after the implementation of the “Basic Law on Agriculture”in Japan,several measures were put forward such as perfecting the legal system,insisting on the principal position of farmers,and measures around farmland,capital and talent supply,which motivate the production efficiency improved highly,and the income gap between urban and rural areas has been narrowed significantly.However,because the defects of the capitalist private ownership and local fiscal and taxation system,the enthusiasm of Japanese local governments to promote large-scale operation was not high,the intensification of agricultural land was blocked,and the contribution of operating income to farmers’ income continue to decline.It is suggested that in a suitable timing to promote direct tax system reform,strengthen the legislative guarantee of rural revitalization,complete the rural collective organization system,complete the farmers-centered governance mechanism as well as strengthen the support to small-scale farmers.