主观极性义构式“X得不能再X”特征分析

Study of "X De Bu Neng Zai X" Polarity Construction

极性义构式"X得不能再X"是汉语中一种常见的构式,X的语义一般具有伸缩性。X多为形容词(A),其意义为"A的程度达到了极致",该意义也是"X得不能再X"构式的原型意义。X还可以为动词(V),X为动词时,该构式的意义为"V的程度达到极致"或"V导致的结果的程度达到极致"。"X得不能再Y"是该类构式的特殊表现形式, X和Y一般为形容词或动词,其语义一般具有伸缩性。"A得不能再A""V得不能再V"以及"X得不能再Y"处于构式网络之中,是"X得不能再X"的下级图式性构式。

In Chinese, there is a well-known construction "X De Bu Neng Zai X", which expresses subjective extremeness. X can be substituted by verbs and nouns, especially adjectives. When X is replaced by adjectives,"X De Bu Neng Zai X" means X reaches its extreme degree, which is the prototypical meaning of the construction. When X is replaced by verbs, the construction means either the action of the verb or the consequence of the verb reaches its extreme degree."X De Bu Neng Zai Y" is a special case of this construction, in which X and Y may be adjectives or verbs alternatively. Hence, the net relationships of these constructions are elaborated.