“变形”的文化:近代中国的乞丐歌谣

The Culture of "Deformation" : the Beggar Ballads in Modern China

乞丐歌谣作为乞丐行乞过程中逐渐形成的"变形"文化,是脱离人类主流社会的存在,其中包括了乞丐日常的乞讨歌谣,岁时节令的贺喜歌谣以及反映乞丐自身人生观、价值观的歌谣等。这种"关于贫穷的文化"是对贫困哲理的解释,它们在显示乞丐存在价值的同时,也在与主流社会文化相互影响,乞丐们在自己的乞讨活动中不经意地履行了沟通雅俗文化的媒介职能,从而化雅为俗,使主流文化的基本精神以及民俗文化的基本事项在大众社会中得以传播。

Begging ballad, as a "deformation" culture formed in process of begging for beggars, is a kind of existence from the mainstream of human society, including begging ballad in daily life, congratulating ballad and some ballads reflecting view and value of life to beggars. This "culture of poverty" is a philosophical interpretation of poverty, which shows the value of beggars in circulation with the mainstream social culture. Beggars fulfill functions in their begging activities about communicating elegant and popular culture. Thus, they transferred elegant culture to folk culture, made the basic spirit of mainstream of culture and the basic item of folk culture have a deepen spread in public society.