农村集体土地股份合作制与地租分配探析——来自珠三角地区的经验

Analysis on Rural Collective Land Joint-stock System and the Allocation of Land Rent——Experience From the Pearl River Delta Region

农村集体土地股份合作制有利于提升村集体参与城市土地开发的积极性,土地收益分配向村庄和农民倾斜,改变了之前由地方政府垄断大部分土地收益的局面。但该项制度也使得农民参与土地收益分配的诉求愈加强烈,村庄土地利益格局日益固化,进而倒逼地方政府让渡越来越多的土地收益。这进一步导致地方政府统筹分配土地收益的能力和宏观调控经济发展能力的受挫。新时代的农村集体土地制度改革必须在政府、村庄与农民之间合理划分收益分配比例,加强对村集体土地经营过程的监督,完善村集体土地经营相关制度安排。

The rural collective land joint-stock system is conducive to enhancing the enthusiasm of rural collectives to participate in urban land development,and the distribution of land income is inclined to the villages and farmers,changing the situation in which local governments monopolized most of the land income. But this institution also makes farmers’ demands for participation in land income distribution more and more intense,and the pattern of village land interests more and more solidified,which forces local governments to transfer more and more land income. This further leads to the frustration of the ability of local governments to allocate land income as a whole and their macro-control capacity for economic development. In the new era,the reform of rural collective land system must reasonably divide the proportion of income distribution among the government,villages and farmers,strengthen the supervision of the process of village collective land management,and improve the relevant institutional arrangements of village collective land management.