双酚A及其类似物对哺乳动物和鱼类神经毒性效应及机制研究进展

Advances in Neurotoxic Effects and Mechanism of Bisphenol A and Its Analogues in Mammals and Fish

双酚A及其类似物双酚S、双酚F、双酚AF和卤代双酚A等双酚类化合物广泛用于生产聚碳酸酯塑料和环氧树脂,生产量大且目前在各种环境介质、食品及人体内均有检出。近年来,研究发现很多神经疾病的发生与双酚类化合物的暴露密切相关,有关双酚A及其类似物的神经毒性日益受到国内外研究者关注。本研究从对动物行为、神经发育、神经递质含量及神经递质代谢等方面综述了双酚类化合物的神经毒性效应及作用机制,为今后进一步探究双酚A类似物的神经毒性作用及其安全性评价提供更多的理论参考。

In recent years, more and more evidences have shown that development of certain neurological disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia are positively correlated with the exposure to bisphenol compounds, and thereby increasing concern has been focused on the neurotoxicity of these chemicals. Rodent and fish studies suggest that BPA and its analogs could induce abnormal behaviors and impair nervous system development by disturbing the development of neurons, inducing nerve cell apoptosis, and inhibiting differentiation of neural cells. In addition, BPA could affect certain neurons produce and release their neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter metabolism, and thereby induce disturbed neurotransmitter levels, which may finally lead to behavior disorders. However, fewer studies reported effects of its analogues on neurotransmitter levels or metabolism in animals. It has been reported that the bisphenols can also directly impair the nervous system and affect the generation and transmission of action potential by changing the concentration of intra and extra cellular calcium. Therefore, advances in studies of neurotoxic effects of BPA and its analogues were reviewed in this paper including effects on behavior, development of nerve cell, neurotransmitter levels and metabolism, with an emphasis on the underlying mechanisms of those effects. Finally, this review would help the comprehensive understanding for neurotoxicity of the bisphenol compounds and for evaluating the safety of bisphenol analogues.