历史语言学、考古学与希腊人种族起源研究

Historical Linguistics,Archaeology,and the Study of Ethnic Origins of the Greek People

希腊人的种族起源是一个技术难度大且极具理论和方法论意义的问题。正是历史语言学和考古学,而非相信起源神话包含历史真实性的历史实证主义史学,对该问题的研究发挥了实质性的奠基作用。并且,在历史语言学和考古学主导下的多学科交叉合作、多种方法和理论模式的综合运用,使得人们对原始印欧人及其语言和故乡、前希腊底层语言、"希腊人的到来"等史前历史的认识日益走向深入。这项研究的一系列的成功可以为史前史、古代史乃至新兴的全球史若干领域提供诸多技术、路径和视野上的经验参照。

To study the ethnic origins of the Greek people, one needs to overcome considerable technical difficulties in historical theories and methodologies. Yet, it is a question with great historical significance. This article argues that it is historical linguistics and archaeology that play a critical role in laying the foundation for this study, rather than historical positivism. The latter believes the myths of origins contain elements of historicity. With the emergence of interdisciplinary methods such as the application of historical linguistics and archaeology to the study of origins of Greek ethnicity, scholars have gained a better and deeper understanding of topics such as the Proto-Indo-Europeans and their language and Urheimat , the pre-Greek substratum or substrata, the coming of the Greeks, and relevant prehistoric events. The continuous development of this research trend will offer successful references to the fields of ancient history, prehistory, and even burgeoning global history.