论章学诚“文集辅史”的观念

On Zhang Xuecheng’s Concept of “Literary Works Complementing History”

章学诚在《文史通义》中提出文集"与史相辅"的观点,是探讨文史关系的一个重要命题。它的学术史依据就是著名的"六经皆史",现实表现为方志立《文征》。《文征》乃集部之属,收录奏议、征实、论著、诗赋、金石等方面的内容,是"文集辅史"观念在方志思想中的反映。章学诚从辅史功能出发,批评后世文集不言公、不征实、体例不纯。他的文集辅史观念密切了史、集之间的联系,是其知识体系中的重要组成部分,具有深远的影响。

In his Wenshi tongyi [On literature and history], Zhang Xuecheng puts forward a thesis that claims literary works complement historical studies. This argument, derived from his famous theory on that “Six Confucian Classics are all historical works,” helps us to rethink the relationship between literature and history. Specifically, Zhang discusses the value of Wenzheng [Collected literary works] section in local gazettes. Being placed under the Ji category of traditional Chinese library classification, Wenzheng contains contents such as memoranda, statistical surveys, essays, poetries, and works on inscriptions and antiques. The inclusion of this genre is a reflection of the concept of “literary works complementing history” in the editing of local gazettes. From the perspective of “literary works complementing history,” Zhang Xuecheng criticizes the Wenzheng of later periods for not speaking on behalf of public interests, not based on facts, and not consistent in style. This view further stresses the intimate relationship between literature and history. It is an important part of the knowledge system and has a far-reaching influence.