“志在避祸”?——钱大昕《史通》解读析论

“The Purpose Is to Stay away from Political Persecution”?——An Analysis of Qian Daxin’s Interpretation of Shitong

钱大昕曾对刘知几"疑古惑经"思想加以推测,将其解读为避祸保身。这一推测其实是针对四库馆臣而发,虽然新颖,但并不符合刘知几本意,而是在清廷文网严峻背景下自身心境的委婉表述,同时寄托了钱大昕试图扭转当时学界"重经轻史"不良倾向的学术诉求。乾嘉时期,以钱大昕为中心,以苏州紫阳书院为纽带,形成了一个"《史通》研究学圈"。钱大昕之所以别出新解,发出与官方不同的声音,其实是为私家史学代言、暗中与官方史学展开竞争的表现。

Liu Zhiji is famous for his questioning of the authenticity of ancient historiography and classical cannons.Qian Daxin argues that,instead,Liu’s real goal was to stay away from political persecution.As a matter of fact,Qian’s speculation of Liu’s works was directed at the officials of the Siku Quanshu Museum.It sounded novel,but it did not conform to the original intention of Liu.Under the grim circumstances of the Qing Dynasty’s censorship regime,Qian’s interpretation of Liu’s works spoke about his own state of mind.At the same time,it also appealed to his attempts to reverse the trends that preferred classics to historical documents in the academic circles.By the time of Qianlong-Jiaqing,a research circle on Liu Zhijie’s Shitong[Generality of historiography]was formed.It was centered on Qian and related to the Ziyang Academy.Qian proposed a novel interpretation alternative the official narrative.It reflects his attempt to compete against the political control of historiography.