大数据在城市规划中的应用研究综述

Research Progress on the Applications of Big Data to Urban Planning

大数据具有的多源、人本、时空等属性特征与城市规划决策的本质属性具有紧密的耦合性,为城市规划决策提供数据基础和技术支撑,推动着城市规划精准化以及城市治理高效化发展。通过对大数据作用于城市规划的相关文献梳理,大数据推动了城市规划在4个方面发生明显转型:从"小样本静态"向"多源时空"数据转变;从单一空间尺度向全域空间尺度转变;从"物质空间"向"以人为本"转变;从"人工化"向"智能化"转变;在此基础上,本文主要从居民时空行为分析、城市交通路网布局优化、城市功能区划分、区域联系和城市等级分析、城市生态环境治理以及城市边界划定等方面梳理城市规划领域中的大数据应用进展。

The properties of big data including multi-source,human-based,and spatiotemporal are closely coupled with the essential attributes of urban planning and decision-making,Which makes big data provide data and technical supports for urban planning,and further increase the precision of urban planning and improve the efficiency of urban management.This paper proposed four significant transitions of urban planning benefited from big data,Which are,from small sample and static data to multi-source and spatio-temporal data,from a single scale to multi-scale,from physical space to behavior space,from artificial to intelligent.Based on these transitions,the progresses of the main applications of big data to urban planning were discussed,including spatio-temporal behaviors of residents,optimization of the layout of urban traffic network,functional regionalization of urban areas,regional ties and urban hierarchy,urban environment management and delimitation of urban boundary.