高等教育供给侧现状、问题与改革思考

Reflections on the Current Situation,Problems and Reform of the Supply Side of Higher Education

经济领域的供给侧结构改革对高等教育发展提出了新要求。目前我国高等教育供给侧呈现出数量供给日益增加、区域供给分层化、形式供给差异化、类型供给复杂化、层次供给多元化、专业供给动态化的状况。与此同时,高等教育供给侧也存在一些问题:与社会需求不能有效对接,优质供给数量不足;供给结构有待完善,城乡供给与区域供给不均衡,专业供给有待调整;供给质量需要提高。高等教育供给侧改革,需要缩小部属高校属地化招生比例,促进高等教育区域供给的平衡;加大农村家庭子女就读重点大学的比例,推进高等教育供给的城乡平衡;调整层次结构供给,优化专业布局结构;提高高等教育供给质量,满足社会需求,形成有效供给。

Supply side structural reforms in the economy field have raised a new demand for the higher education. At present,the supply side of higher education in our country presents such a status as the supply of quantity is increasing,the regional supply gets stratified,the supply form becomes differentiated,the supply models trends to be complicated,the hierarchy of supply resource is diversified and the specialty supply is more dynamic. At the same time,there are many problems with the supply side of higher education. This cannot be effectively linked with social demand,and the quantity of high-quality supply is insufficient;the supply structure needs to be improved;the supply of urban and rural areas is not balanced with regional supply;the specialty supply needs to be adjusted;and the quality of supply needs to be improved. Therefore,There are many strategies should be take to the reform of the supply side of higher education,that is to reduce the proportion of localized enrollment of subordinate universities and promote the balance of regional supply of higher education. At the same time,the proportion of children from rural families attending key universities should be increased in order to promote the balance between urban and rural areas in the supply of higher education. Besides,the supply of hierarchical structure should be adjusted and the distribution structure of specialties should be optimized. At last,the quality of higher education supply should be improved as to meet social needs and form an effective supply.