戈夫曼自我观的两重性阐释

The Dual Interpretation of Erving Goffman's Self Concept

拟剧论是欧文·戈夫曼社会学的重要构成,自我呈现和印象管理是其主要分析内容。戈夫曼将个体分为两个基本的部分,即表演者和角色。展演性自我是通过互动实现的合作性产物,它是权宜性的,并非稳定的和一成不变的。戈夫曼反对传统的自我观和身份类别,自我、身份与社会秩序都具有偶然性特征。戈夫曼自我观的两重性包含着两层涵义,即生物性与社会性、情境性与能动性,其中情境化自我与作为能动者的自我不是截然分离的。从整体而言,戈夫曼没有摒弃自我的心理—生物学解释,但他更强调自我的社会性和情境性。这种双重自我观可以调和在阐释自我时场景与能动性、结构与行动之间的不一致。

Dramaturgy is a significant part of Erving Goffman's sociology,and its main features are self-presentation and impression management.Goffman divides an individual into two basic parts:performer and character.The performing self is the cooperative product of interaction,which is temporary,unstable and unchangeable.Goffman opposes traditional self-concept and identity,believing that self,identity and social order are contingent.Goffman's self-concept has two meanings:biological-self and social-self,situated-self and self-as-agent,among which situated-self and self-as-agent are not clear cut.As a whole,Goffman does not abandon the bio-psychological explanation of interaction and self,but he emphasizes more on self's sociality and situationality.The dual self-concept would reconcile the incongruence between scene and agency,and structure and action.